Vibrato unit
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A vibrato unit is an effects unit used to add tremolo to the sound of an electric instrument, most often an electric guitar Vibrato units may be individual stomp box s or built in to multi-effects units, but are traditionally built in to guitar amplifier . Vibrato units are particularly used in surf music The name vibrato unitis contrary to normal usage of the term vibrato and in that sense the unit is incorrectly namedhttp://www.musicradar.com/gear/all/amplification/instrument-amps/guitar-combo-amps/65-princeton-reverb-reissue-171920/review/2 Fender 65 Princeton Reverb Reissue | Guitar reviews | MusicRadar.com ...the effect is misnamed. Vibrato in musical terms means modulation of pitch.... The guitaring tradition of using the term "vibrato" to refer to a tremolo effect began in 1956 with Leo Fender s use of the term in naming the Fender Vibrolux In all other contexts the effect produced by a traditional vibrato unit is known as [[tremolo]]rather than [[vibrato]] A few guitar amplifiers do feature true pitch shifting vibrato, notably some models offered in the late 50s and into the 60s by Magnatone and presently by Juke Amplification Citation needed|dateJune 2010}}. Still other amplifier manufacturers describe the effect, in accordance with standard music terminolgy, as tremolo

History

What is now called a vibrato unitwas one of the earliest electronic guitar effects. Danelectro Gibson and Multivox Premier all produced guitar amplifiers with built in amplitude modulation units in the late 1940s. The term vibratowas first applied to the effect in 1956 with the introduction of the Fender Vibrolux Fenders first amplifier with this effect, the Fender Tremolux model 5E9, had been introduced in the previous year. Despite the different names, the effects circuits were similar, and the effects almost identical.

Controls

Image:aavib.jpg Vibrolux amplifier.
The potentiometer , from left to right, read Volume, Treble, Bass, Reverb, Speedand Intensity]] A vibrato unit normally has three controls: * Speed controls the frequency of the variation, typically from a maximum (fully clockwise) of five to ten hertz to a minimum which may be as slow as one cycle taking several seconds. * Depth or intensity controls the amplitude (volume) of the variation. The minimum depth (fully anticlockwise) is typically (but not always) zero, that is no effect on the sound at all; The maximum depth does not normally cut the sound off completely at the cycle minimum, but may reduce it by as much as 6dB, virtually a cut off to the ear. * An on/off control, traditionally a pull-on switch on the depthpotentiometer a foot switch, or both. The offposition bypasses the unit. In the case of an amplifier mounted unit where both switches are supplied, the unit is bypassed if the pull-on switch is off, regardless of the pedal. If the pedal is not plugged in, the unit is turned on and off by the pull-on switch; If the pedal is plugged in, then it controls the unit when the pull-on switch is on

Vibrato or tremolo?

The term vibrato unitwas introduced on high-end Fender Musical Instruments Corporation guitar amplifier in the 1950s, starting with the Vibrolux amplifier in 1956, in the same period in which what is now called a [[tremolo arm]]was introduced on Fender guitars. The synchronised tremolowas introduced in 1955 on the first Fender Stratocaster guitar. The only previously successful tremolo arm was the [[Bigsby vibrato tailpiece]] often simply called a Bigsby In 1958, Fender reinforced his usage with the Fender floating tremoloon the Fender Jazzmaster and some subsequent guitars. The synchronised tremolobecame the most copied of these three basic patterns of tremolo arm, although both of the others continue to have some following. In both the case of the tremolo armand vibrato unit Leo Fender had reversed the established usage of the terms vibratoand tremolo That is, he called a device that produced true vibrato a synchronised tremolo and a device that produced true tremolo a vibrato unit In fact he was using the terms interchangeably. The first Fender vibrato unit (1954) was called tremolo and some later Fender tremolo arms were called vibrato tailpiecesor similar. But the terms that became established were tremolo armand vibrato unit both contrary to standard usage, with the result that electric guitarists traditionally use the terms vibratoand tremoloin the opposite senses to all other musicians when describing these hardware devices and the effects they produce. From time to time it is proposed that this should be corrected, and the term tremolo armrejected in favor either of vibrato armor of a neutral term such as whammy bar but there is no corresponding "correct" term for a vibrato unit. The task of producing a similarly correctterm for a traditional vibrato unit is slightly complicated by two factors: * The subsequent development of other guitar effects unit such as chorus effect , phaser (effect) (sometimes called phase vibratounits) and Flanging , which can be set to produce changes in pitch similar to traditional vibratoas understood by most musicians. * The fact that, under harmonic analysis and contrary to the expectations of many musicians, the output of the original vibrato unit does contain other frequencies near that of the note frequencies and in place of the note frequencies.These are the mathematical result of the variation in volume of the notes, so there is a slight sense in which Leo Fender was correct in his naming of the vibrato unit (but not of the tremolo arm).

True vibrato

Guitarists do also produce true vibrato in many different ways, including: * As [[finger vibrato]]similar to that produced by movement of the left hand on the violin and other stringed instruments. * By use of the [[tremolo arm]]provided (by whatever name) on many electric and some acoustic guitars. * By manipulating the tailpiece of an archtop guitar not fitted with a tremolo arm, normally with the right hand. This is particularly a jazz and blues technique. * By manipulating the strings between the head nut and machine head . This is particularly used on open strings of a bass guitar * By use of effects units such as flanging phaser (effect) and chorus effect , that are able to modulate the pitch rather than just the volume. * By use of moving loudspeaker and/or moving loudspeaker baffle systems such as the Leslie speaker * By use of the motor-driven Kaufman Vibrato tailpiece built in to some early Rickenbacker guitars, and similar units. In common with all other musicians, all guitarists from classical to rock use the term vibratoto describe finger vibrato.

References

External links

*http://www.vibroworld.com/magnatone/vibrato.html Vibrato or Tremolo?] Category:Effects units ru:Амплитудное вибрато