Information On 1948

1948 ([[Roman numerals|MCMXLVIII]] was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar

Events of 1948

January

* January 1 **General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) inaugurated. **United Kingdom railways are nationalized to form British Rail ays. **The Constitution of Italy goes into effect. **The latest New Jersey State Constitution goes into effect. * January 4 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom * January 5 – Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel ([[Tournament of Roses Parade]]and the [[Rose Bowl (game)|Rose Bowl]]. * January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi to stop the communal violence during the Partition of India * January 17 – A truce is declared between nationalist Indonesia and Dutch troops in Java * January 22 – British foreign secretary Ernest Bevin proposes the formation of a Western Union between United Kingdom France and the Benelux countries to stand up against the Soviet Union The Treaty of Brussels is signed March 17 as a consequence, a predecessor to NATO * January 26 – Teigin poison case: A man masquerading as a doctor poisons 12 of 16 bank employees of the Tokyo branch of Imperial Bank and takes the money; artist Sadamichi Hirasawa is later sentenced to death for the crime, but is never executed. * January 29 – Plane crash at Los Gatos Creek, California kills 4 US citizens and 28 deportees, commemorated in a Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos) by Woody Guthrie * January 30 **India pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse **1948 Winter Olympics open in St. Moritz Switzerland lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

February

* February 1 – The Soviet Union begins to jam Voice of America broadcasts. * February 4 – Ceylon (now Sri Lanka becomes an independent kingdom within the Commonwealth of Nations * February 16 – Miranda (moon) the innermost natural satellite of Uranus is discovered by Gerard Kuiper lt;ref>Moore, P. (1995) The Guinness book of astronomy (5th ed.)Enfield, UK: Guinness Publishing. p. 110.. * February 18 – Eamon de Valera Irish head of government since 1932, loses power to an opposition coalition. John A. Costello is appointed Taoiseach of Éire (formerly called the Irish Free State by President Seán T. O'Kelly * February 25 – The Communist Party seizes control of Czechoslovakia a day celebrated by that regime as "Victorious February (Czech language "Vítězný únor; Slovak language "Víťazný Február) until 1989#November lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

March

* March 8 – [[McCollum v. Board of Education]] The United States Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools violates the United States Constitution * March 16 – The largest flood in the history of Brampton, Ontario occurs.lt;/ref> * March 17 **Treaty of Brussels signed by Belgium France Luxembourg the Netherlands and the United Kingdom providing for economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence. **The Hells Angels motorcycle gang is founded in California * March 20 **Singapore holds its first elections. **Renowned Italian people conductor Arturo Toscanini makes his television debut, conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in an all-Wagner program. lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

April

**Scientists Ralph Alpher and George Gamow publish the Alpher-Bethe-Gamow paper about the big bang. **The law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom is founded. * April 3 **President of the United States Harry Truman signs the Marshall Plan which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries. **Ludwig van Beethoven s [[Ninth Symphony]]is played on television in its entirety for the first time, in a concert featuring Arturo Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra. The chorus is conducted by Robert Shaw (conductor) * April 5 – 1947-1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine Haganah launches Operation Nahshon beginning of the 1948 Palestinian exodus * April 7 **The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations **A fire in a Buddhism monastery Shanghai kills 20 monks. * April 9 **Jorge Eliécer Gaitán s assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the [[Bogotazo]], and a further 10 years of violence in all of Colombia ([[La Violencia]]. **The Deir Yassin massacre takes place in British Mandate of Palestine * April 13 – The Hadassah medical convoy massacre takes place in British Mandate of Palestine *April 16 – The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is founded as the OEEC. *April 18 – The first democratic Italian general elections, 1948 with universal suffrage is held in Italy * April 19 – Burma joins the United Nations * April 24 – The Costa Rican Civil War ends. * April 30 – Organization of American States (OAS) founded. * April 30 – The Land Rover is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show. lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

May

*May – The RAND Corporation is established as an independent nonprofit policy research and analysis institution. * May 4 – Laurence Olivier s film version of [[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]makes its world premiere in London * May 11 – Luigi Einaudi becomes List of Presidents of the Italian Republic * May 14 **The Declaration of Independence (Israel) is made. **The murder of a 3-year-old girl in Blackburn England leads to the fingerprinting of more than 40,000 men in the city in an attempt to find the murderer.http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/a-brutal-murder-begins-an-unusual-investigation * May 15 – 1948 Arab-Israeli War The British Mandate of Palestine is officially terminated; expeditionary forces from Egypt Transjordan Syria and Iraq attack Israel and clash with Israel forces. * May 16 – Chaim Weizmann is elected as the first President of Israel * May 18 – The first Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China officially convenes in Nanking * May 26 – The Congress of the United States passes [[Public Law 557]] which permanently establishes the Civil Air Patrol as the auxiliary of the United States Air Force * May 28 – Daniel Francois Malan defeats Jan Smuts and becomes Prime Minister of South Africa, ushering in the era of apartheid which is finally dismantled by F W de Klerk in 1994 * May 30 – A dike along the Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon within minutes: 15 people die and tens of thousands are left homeless. lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

June

* June 3 – The Palomar Observatory telescope is finished in California * June 10 – Hasan Saka forms the new government of Turkey. (17th government; Hasan Saka had served twice as a prime minister) * June 11 – The first monkey astronaut, Albert I, is launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico. * June 16 **Communist guerrillas kill 3 rubber planters in Malay states **Three armed men hijack the Cathay Pacific passenger plane [[Miss Macao]]and shoot the pilot; the plane crashes, killing 26 of 27 people on board. * June 17 – A Douglas DC-6 carrying United Airlines Flight 624 crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania killing all 43 people on board. * June 18 **Malayan Emergency A state of emergency is declared in Malaysia due to a communist insurgency. * June 20 – The U.S. Congress recesses for the remainder of 1948, after an overtime session closes at 7:00 a.m. D.C. time (to be shortly interrupted by Trumans recall from Congressional recess for July 20, 1948). * June 21 – The Deutsche Mark becomes official currency of the future Federal Republic of Germany * June 22 – The ship [[Empire Windrush]]a large group of Afro-Caribbean immigrants to Tilbury near London the start of a large wave of immigration to Britain. * June 24 **Cold War The Berlin Blockade begins. **The first World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization is held in Geneva. * June 26 – William Shockley files the original patent for the grown junction transistor the first bipolar junction transistor * June 28 **The Cominform Resolution marks the beginning of the Informbiro period in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Soviet/Yugoslav split. **David Lean s [[Oliver Twist (1948 film)|Oliver Twist]] based on Charles Dickens s famous novel, premieres in the UK. It is banned for 3 years in the U.S. because of alleged anti-Semitism in depicting master criminal Fagin played by Alec Guinness **1948 Fukui earthquake strikes Fukui, Fukui Japan 3,769 dead, 22,203 injured. lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

July

* July 5 – The National Health Service Acts are enacted in United Kingdom. * July 6 – The worlds first Air Car-ferry service is flown by a Bristol Freighter of Silver City Airways from Lympne to Le Touquet * July 13 – The Coptic Christianity and Ethiopian Church s reach an agreement leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarch te. Five bishop are immediately consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church. * July 15 **The attempted assassination of Palmiro Togliatti general secretary of the Italian Communist Party incites numerous strikes all over the country. **The first London chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous is founded. * July 20 – Cold War President Harry S. Truman issues the second peacetime military draft in the United States amid increasing tensions with the Soviet Union (the first peacetime draft occurred in 1940 under President Roosevelt). * July 22 – The Dominion of Newfoundland votes 52% to 48% to join the foreign nation of Canada in a questionable referendum * July 24 – A great oil fire breaks out in the harbor of Naantali Finland * July 26 – U.S. President Truman signs [[Executive Order 9981]] ending racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces * July 28 – Around 200 die in explosion at a chemical plant in Ludwigshafen Germany * July 29 – The 1948 Summer Olympics begin in London the first since the 1936 Summer Olympics * July 31 – At Idlewild Field in New York New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport is dedicated. lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

August

* August 1 – The U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations is founded. * August 10 – August 23 – The Herrenchiemsee Convent prepares the draft for the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany * August 14 – 1948 Ashes series The Australia batsman Don Bradman playing his last Test cricket match, against England at The Oval is bowled by Eric Hollies for a Duck (cricket) however, Australian cricket team in England in 1948 win the match by an innings and 149 runs, and The Ashes 4-0. * August 15 – The South Korea is established. * August 18 – Danube Commission created by Belgrade Convention (enters into force 11 May 1949 . * August 23 – The World Council of Churches is established. * August 24 – The first meeting of the charter members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ) is held.http://www.accj.or.jp/history * August 25 – The House Un-American Activities Committee holds its first-ever televised congressional hearing, featuring "Confrontation Day" between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

September

* September 4 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons. * September 5 – Robert Schuman becomes Prime Minister of France. * September 6 – Juliana of the Netherlands becomes Queen of the Netherlands * September 9 – The North Korea is formally declared, with Kim Il-sung as prime minister. * September 11 – Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Founder and first Governor General of Pakistan dies. Pakistan is in a state of shock as it mourns the departure of the father of the nation. The day is a public holiday nation-wide. * September 12 – The State of Hyderabad is invaded by the Indian Army on the day after Pakistani leader Jinnah s death, to assist damage control. Operation Polo leads to the independence of Hyderabad state and its amalgamation into the Indian union. * September 17 – Lehi (group) members assassinate Swedish count Folke Bernadotte * September 18 – Yoni Abramski, age 12, killed by sniper in Jerusalem * September 29 – Laurence Olivier s [[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]opens in the United States lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

October

* October 5 – The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake kills 110,000. * October 10 – R-1 (missile) on test becomes the first Soviet launch to enter space. * October 11 – The Cleveland Indians defeat the Atlanta Braves to win the World Series 4 games to 2. * October 16 – The 57th Street Art Fair the oldest juried art fair in the American Midwest, is founded. * October 26 – Donora Smog of 1948 settles into Donora, Pennsylvania * October 28 – The massacre of Dawaymeh begins. lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

November

* November 2 – United States presidential election, 1948 Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman defeats Republican Thomas E. Dewey and Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond * November 12 – In Tokyo an international war crime tribunal sentences 7 Japan se military and government officials to death, including General Hideki Tojo for their roles in World War II * November 15 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent becomes Canada s 12th Prime Minister of Canada * November 16 – [[Operation Magic Carpet (Yemen)|Operation Magic Carpet]]to transport Jew from Yemen to Israel begins. * November 17 – Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi divorces his second wife, the former Princess Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt * November 20 – Geoffrey B. Orbell rediscovers the Takahē last seen 50 years previously, near Lake Te Anau New Zealand * November 24 – In Venezuela president Rómulo Betancourt is ousted by a military junta * November 27 – The Calgary Stampeders defeat the Ottawa Rough Riders 12–7 before 20,013 fans at Toronto s Varsity Stadium to capture their first Grey Cup and complete the only perfect season to date in Canadian Football lt;!-- split, for future images above -->

December

* December 1 – José Figueres Ferrer abolishes the army in Costa Rica making it the first country in history to do so * December 10 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights * December 15 – The United States Department of Justice indicts Alger Hiss on two counts of perjury * December 19 – The Cleveland Browns become the first professional football team to go undefeated in a season * December 26 – The last Soviet troops withdraw from North Korea * December 28 – A Muslim Brotherhood member assassinates Egypt an Prime Minister Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha * December 30 – The musical [[Kiss Me, Kate]]opens for the first of 1,077 performances * December 31 – 1948 Arab-Israeli War Israel troops drive the Egypt ans from Negev

Undated

* Brandeis University is founded. * The Casimir effect is discovered by Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir * The Fresh Kills Landfill the worlds largest, opens on Staten Island, New York * The Oakridge Transit Centre opens in Vancouver, British Columbia * The Slovak city Gúta is renamed Kolárovo * The Tunnel of Vielha is opened in the Aran Valley Spanish Pyrenees * Last recorded sighting of the Caspian Tiger in Kazakhstan * A pack of wolves kills about 40 children in the Darovskoye district of Russia lt;/ref> * Charles Warrell creates the first I-Spy books * Wilbert Awdry s third book James the Red Engine is published. * Kinsey Reports Sexual Behavior in the Human Male is published.

Ongoing

*First Indochina War *Greek Civil War *Marshall Plan

Births

January–February

* January 2 **Mary Archer British scientist **Deborah Watling British actress ([[Doctor Who]] * January 5 **Wally Foreman Australian media icon (d. 2006 **Ted Lange American actor and director (The Love Boat * January 7 – Kenny Loggins American rock singer (Footloose * January 10 **Donald Fagen American rock keyboardist (Steely Dan **Mischa Maisky Latvian cellist * January 12 – Kenny Allen (footballer) English footballer * January 14 **T-Bone Burnett American record producer and musician **Carl Weathers African-American football player and actor (Rocky III * January 15 – Ronnie Van Zant American rock musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd (d. 1977 * January 16 **John Carpenter American film director and composer **Cliff Thorburn Canadian snooker player * January 17 – Davíð Oddsson Prime Minister of Iceland * January 19 – Frank McKenna Premier of New Brunswick and Canadian Ambassador * January 23 **Mitoji Yabunaka Japanese politcian **Katharine Holabird American childrens writer ([[Angelina Ballerina]] * January 27 – Mikhail Baryshnikov Russian-born dancer * January 28 – Charles G. Taylor Liberian president * January 29 – Marc Singer Canadian actor (V * January 30 – Paul Magee Provisional Irish Republican Army member * January 31 – Muneo Suzuki Japanese politician * February 1 **Elisabeth Sladen Dr Whoactress **Rick James Motown performer (d. 2004 * February 2 – Ina Garten American cooking author * February 3 **Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo East Timorean Catholic bishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize **Henning Mankell Swedish writer * February 4 **Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier), American hard rock singer and musician **Roedy Green Canadian programmer and LGBT activist * February 5 **Sven-Göran Eriksson Swedish football manager **Christopher Guest American actor, writer, director, and composer * February 6 – Jack Conway (musician) American musician, composer, arranger, and guitarist * February 7 – Tony Iommi English rock guitarist ([[Black Sabbath]] * February 10 – John Magnier Irish businessman and thoroughbred racehorse breeder * February 11 – Chris Rush American stand-up comedian * February 12 – Raymond Kurzweil American inventor and author * February 14 **Teller (magician) American magician **Jackie Martling American comedian and radio personality * February 17 – José José Mexican singer and actor * February 19 – Pim Fortuyn Dutch politician and author (d. 2002 * February 20 – Jennifer O'Neill Brazilian actress (Summer of 42 * February 22 – John Ashton American actor * February 24 **J. Jayalalithaa Indian politician **Walter Smith (footballer) Scottish football manager * February 25 – Danny Denzongpa Indian actor * February 28 – Steven Chu American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate * February 28 **Mike Figgis American director, writer, and composer **Bernadette Peters American actress and singer **Mercedes Ruehl American actress **Alfred Sant Leader of Malta Labour Party (1992–) and Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998)

March–April

* March 2 **R. T. Crowley American pioneer of electronic commerce **Rory Gallagher Irish musician **Jeff Kennett Australian politician * March 4 **Lindy Chamberlain Australian author **James Ellroy American writer **Tom Grieve American baseball player **Leron Lee American baseball player **Chris Squire British bassist **Shakin' Stevens Welsh singer * March 5 – Elaine Paige English singer and actress * March 6 – Anna Maria Horsford American actress * March 9 – Jeffrey Osborne African-American singer (On The Wings Of Love * March 11 – Dominique Sanda French actress * March 12 – James Taylor American singer-songwriter * March 14 – Billy Crystal American actor and comedian * March 15 – Sérgio Vieira de Mello Brazilian diplomat (d. 2003 * March 17 – William Gibson American/Canadian writer * March 20 **John de Lancie American actor **Bobby Orr Canadian hockey player * March 22 **Wolf Blitzer American television journalist (CNN **Andrew Lloyd Webber English composer * March 25 – Bonnie Bedelia American actress * March 26 – Steven Tyler American rock singer ([[Aerosmith]] * March 28 **Dianne Wiest American actress **Jayne Ann Krentz née Castle (Amanda Quick), American novelist * March 29 – Bud Cort American actor (Harold and Maude * March 30 – Eddie Jordan Irish founder of Jordan Grand Prix * March 31 **Al Gore former Vice President of the United States **Rhea Perlman American actress (Cheers * April 1 – Jimmy Cliff Jamaican singer and actor * April 4 – Squire Parsons American gospel singer/songwriter * April 12 **Jeremy Beadle English TV presenter (d. 2008) **Don Fernando director and actor of pornographic films **Marcello Lippi Italian football player and manager * April 13 – Nam Hae-il 25th Chief of Naval Operations of the Republic of Korea Navy * April 15 – Michael Kamen American composer (d. 2003 * April 27 – Amrit Kumar Bohara Nepalese politician * April 29 – Michael Karoli German musician (d. 2001

May–June

* May 2 – Vladimir Matorin Russian opera singer * May 4 – Tanya Falan Welk American singer ([[The Lawrence Welk Show]] * May 5 – Richard Pacheco American pornographic actor * May 6 – Richard Bryant African-American pastor * May 8 **Felicity Lott English soprano **Stephen Stohn Canadian television producer (Degrassi (franchise) * May 9 – Calvin Murphy American basketball player and analyst * May 11 – Shigeru Izumiya Japanese musician * May 12 – Steve Winwood English rock singer (Higher Love * May 14 – Bob Woolmer British cricket coach (d. 2007 * May 15 **Brian Eno English musician and record producer **Yutaka Enatsu Japanese professional baseball pitcher * May 16 – Jesper Christensen Danish actor * May 19 – Grace Jones Jamaican singer and actress * May 20 – Tessho Genda Japanese seiyu * May 21 – Leo Sayer English rock musician (You Make Me Feel Like Dancing * May 25 – Klaus Meine German singer ([[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]] * May 26 – Stevie Nicks American rock singer and songwriter ([[Fleetwood Mac]] * May 27 – Wubbo de Boer Dutch civil servant * May 29 – Michael Berkeley British composer * May 31 – John Bonham British rock drummer ([[Led Zeppelin]] (d. 1980 * June 2 – Jerry Mathers American actor (Leave It To Beaver * June 4 – Bob Champion English jump jockey * June 13 – Garnet Bailey Canadian hockey player and scout (d. 2001 * June 15 – Paul Michiels Belgian singer-songwriter * June 17 – Dave Concepción Venezuelan baseball player * June 19 **Lea Laven Finnish singer **Phylicia Rashad African-American actress (The Cosby Show **Nick Drake English musician (d. 1974 * June 20 **Ludwig Scotty President of Nauru **Burton Richardson American game show announcer * June 21 **Lionel Rose Australian boxer **Andrzej Sapkowski Polish writer * June 22 – Todd Rundgren American rock singer and record producer (Hello Its Me) * June 28 – Kathy Bates American actress (Misery * June 29 – Fred Grandy American actor and politician (The Love Boat * June 30 – Vladimir Yakunin Russian official, head of state-run Russian Railways company

July–August

* July 1 – John Ford (musician) Best known for penning Part of the Union whilst in Strawbs * July 3 – Tarmo Koivisto Finnish comics artist * July 8 – Raffi (musician) Egyptian-born childrens entertainer * July 12 – Richard Simmons American television personality and fitness expert * July 15 – Richard Franklin (director) Australian film director (d. 2007 * July 16 – Pinchas Zukerman Israeli violinist * July 18 – Hartmut Michel German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate * July 20 – Muse Watson American actor * July 21 **Ed Hinton American sportswriter **Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam), English musician **Garry Trudeau American cartoonist (Doonesbury **Mikhail Nikolayevich Zadornov Russian stand-up comedian and writer * July 22 – Susan Eloise Hinton American author * July 23 – John Cushnahan Northern Irish politician * July 25 – Steve Goodman Grammy Award winning folk music singer and songwriter (d. 1984 * July 27 – Peggy Fleming American figure skater * July 28 – Sally Struthers American actress (All In The Family * July 30 **Jean Reno French actor **Julia Tsenova Bulgarian composer and musician (d. 2010 * July 31 – Jonathan Dollimore British author and professor * August 1 – Jim Carroll American author, poet, and musician * August 2 **Dennis Prager American radio talk show host and author **Bob Rae Canadian politician * August 3 – Jean-Pierre Raffarin Prime Minister of France * August 13 – Kathleen Battle American soprano * August 15 – George Ryton British Formula One engineer * August 18 – Joseph Marcell English actor * August 19 – Robert Hughes (Australian actor) * August 20 – Robert Plant English rock singer ([[Led Zeppelin]] * August 24 **Kim Sung-Il Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Air Force **Jean Michel Jarre French electronic musician * August 27 – Sgt. Slaughter American professional wrestler * August 30 – Lewis Black American comedian * August 31 – Cyril Jordan American musician

September–October

* September 2 **Terry Bradshaw American football player and sportscaster **Nate Archibald American basketball player * September 3 – Levy Mwanawasa Zambian president ( d. 2008 ) * September 4 – Samuel Hui Hong Kong singer * September 5 – Benita Ferrero-Waldner Austrian diplomat and politician * September 8 – Great Kabuki Japanese professional wrestler * September 10 **Judy Geeson British actress **Bob Lanier (basketball player) American basketball player **Margaret Trudeau ex-wife of the former Prime Minister of Canada * September 13 – Nell Carter American singer and actress (d. 2003 * September 17 – John Ritter American actor (d. 2003 * September 19 – Nadezhda Tkachenko former Soviet pentathlete **Jeremy Irons English actor * September 20 – George R.R. Martin American speculative fiction author * September 22 – Denis Burke (Australian politician) Australian politician * September 24 – Phil Hartman Canadian comedian (Saturday Night Live (d. 1998 * September 25 – Vladimir Yevtushenkov Russians Business oligarch * September 26 – Olivia Newton-John Australian singer and actress * September 27 – Michele Dotrice English actress * September 29 **Mark Farner American rock guitarist and singer (Grand Funk Railroad **Bryant Gumbel African-American television broadcaster **Theo Jörgensmann German jazz clarinetist * October 1 – Peter Blake (yachtsman) New Zealand yachtsman (d. 2001 * October 2 **Avery Brooks American actor and musician **Chris LeDoux American singer and rodeo star (d. 2005 * October 4 – Meg Bennett American soap opera writer * October 6 – Gerry Adams Northern Irish politician * October 7 – Diane Ackerman American poet and essayist * October 8 – Johnny Ramone American rock guitarist ([[The Ramones]] (d. 2004 * October 9 – Jackson Browne American rock musician (Runnin On Empty) * October 11 – Cynthia Clawson American gospel singer * October 13 **Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Pakistani musician (d. 1997 **Ted Poe American politician **John Ford Coley American rock musician * October 14 – Engin Arık Turkey nuclear physicist (d. 2007 * October 15 – Chris de Burgh Irish singer (Lady in Red * October 16 – Leo Mazzone American baseball coach * October 17 **George Wendt American television actor (Cheers **Robert Jordan American novelist (d. 2007 * October 18 – Hans Köchler Austrian philosopher

November–December

* November 1 – Anna Stuart American actress * November 3 – Lulu (singer) Scottish singer and actress * November 5 **Bob Barr American politician **Dallas Holm American Christian musician **William Daniel Phillips American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate * November 6 – Glenn Frey American guitarist and singer ([[The Eagles]] * November 7 – James Houghton American actor and director * November 10 – Vincent Schiavelli American actor (d. 2005 * November 13 – Lockwood Smith New Zealand politician * November 14 **Charles, Prince of Wales **Robert Ginty American actor and director (d. 2009 * November 15 – James Kemsley Australian cartoonist and actor (d. 2007 * November 16 – Mutt Lange Rhodesian-born record producer * November 17 – Howard Dean American politician * November 20 **Richard Masur American actor, director and former president of Screen Actor Guild **John R. Bolton former U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. **Barbara Hendricks American-born soprano * November 21 – Michel Suleiman current President of Lebanon * November 22 – Radomir Antic Serbian football player and manager * November 24 – Joe Howard American actor * November 27 – James Avery American actor * December 2 – T. Coraghessan Boyle American writer * December 3 ** Rick Cua American singer and evangelist ** Ozzy Osbourne England rock singer * December 6 **Keke Rosberg Finnish Formula One champion **JoBeth Williams American actress * December 7 **Gary Morris singer and actor **Mads Vinding Danish bassist **Tony Thomas (producer) American television producer * December 10 – Abu Abbas founder of the Palestine Liberation Front (d. 2004 * December 11 – Chester Thompson American rock drummer * December 13 **Lillian Board British Olympic athlete (d. 1970 **David O'List British rock guitarist **Ted Nugent American rock guitarist and singer * December 14 **Lester Bangs American music journalist (d. 1982 **Kim Beazley Australian politician * December 19 – Ken Brown (ice hockey) Canadian ice hockey player * December 21 **Samuel L. Jackson African-American actor **Willi Resetarits Austrian musician and cabaret artist * December 22 **Lynne Thigpen African-American actress (Godspell (d. 2003 **Noel Edmonds British TV presenter and DJ * December 27 – Gérard Depardieu French actor * December 28 – Dick Siegel American songwriter * December 29 – Peter Robinson (politician) Northern Irish politician * December 31 **Joe Dallesandro American model and actor **Donna Summer American singer and actress * date unknown **Ciarán Carson Northern Irish poet and novelist **Maurizio Gucci Italian businessman and murder victim (d. 1995 **Johnny Nicholas American blues musician **Edward Rutherfurd British novelist

Deaths

January–March

* January 1 – Edna May American actress (b. 1878 * January 5 – Mary Dimmick Harrison wife of President Benjamin Harrison (b. 1858 * January 8 – Edward Stanley Kellogg 16th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1870 * January 21 – Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari Italian composer (b. 1876 * January 24 – Bill Cody (actor) American actor (b. 1891 * January 29 – Tomislav II of Croatia (Aimone 4th Duke of Aosta), king (b. 1900) * January 30 **Nigel De Brulier English actor (b. 1877 **Mahatma Gandhi Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b. 1869 **Orville Wright American co-inventor of the airplane (b. 1871 * February 1 – Jatindramohan Bagchi Indian (Bengali) poet (b. 1878 * February 2 – Bevil Rudd South African athlete (b. 1894 * February 11 – Sergei Eisenstein Soviet film director (b. 1898 * February 23 – John Robert Gregg Irish-born inventor of shorthand (b. 1866 * March 4 – Antonin Artaud French playwright, actor and director (b. 1896 * March 6 – Ross Lockridge, Jr. American novelist (suicide) (b. 1914 * March 10 **Zelda Fitzgerald American wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald (b. 1900 **Jan Masaryk Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1886 * March 24 – Nikolai Berdyaev Russian religious and political philosopher (b. 1874 * March 31 – Egon Erwin Kisch Austrian journalist and author (b. 1885 * May 9 – Viola Allen stage actress, (b. 1869

April–June

* April 9 **George Carpenter 5th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1872 **Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Colombian politician (b. 1903 * April 15 – Manuel Roxas 5th President of the Philippines (b. 1892 * April 17 – Kantarō Suzuki 42nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1868 * April 20 – Mitsumasa Yonai 37th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1880 * April 24 – Manuel Ponce (composer) Mexican composer (b. 1882 * May 13 – Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington American daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy and sister of John F. Kennedy (b. 1920 * May 15 – Father Edward J. Flanagan Irish-born priest and founder of Boys Town (b. 1886 * May 21 – Jacques Feyder French filmmaker (b. 1885 * May 28 – Unity Mitford British friend of Adolf Hitler (b. 1914 * May 29 – May Whitty British actress (b. 1865 * May 30 – József Klekl (politican) Slovenes politician in Hungary (b. 1874 * June 6 – Auguste and Louis Lumière French film pioneer (b. 1864 * June 13 – Osamu Dazai Japanese writer (b. 1909 * June 25 – William C. Lee American general (b. 1895 * June 26 – Lilian Velez Filipino actress (murder) (b. 1924

July–September

* July 2 – Baba Sawan Singh Indian saint known as "The Great Master," (b. 1858 * July 5 **Georges Bernanos French writer (b. 1888 **Carole Landis American actress player (b. 1919 * July 9 – James Baskett American actor (b. 1904 * July 11 – King Baggot American actor (b. 1879 * July 15 – John J. Pershing American general (b. 1860 * July 18 – May Moss Australian womens rights activist (b. 1869 * July 21 – Arshile Gorky Armenian-born painter (b. 1904 * July 23 – David Wark Griffith American film director (The Birth Of A Nation (b. 1875 * July 27 – Susan Glaspell American playwright (b. 1882 * July 31 – Lucy Page Mercer Rutherfurd Franklin Roosevelt s lover (b. 1891 * August 3 – Tommy Ryan American boxing champion (b. 1870 * August 10 **Kwan-Ichi Asakawa Japanese historian (b. 1873 **Andrew Brown (soccer) Scottish soccer coach (b. 1870 * August 12 – Harry Brearley English inventor of stainless steel (b. 1871 * August 16 – Babe Ruth American baseball player (b. 1895 * August 17 – Mariette Rheiner Garner Second Lady of the United States (b. 1869 * August 27 – Charles Evans Hughes Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1862 *September 1 – Muhammad VII al-Munsif ruler of Tunisia 1942–43 (b. 1881) * September 2 – Sylvanus Morley American scholar and World War I spy (b. 1883 * September 3 – Edvard Benes President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884 * September 5 – Richard C. Tolman American mathematical physicist (b. 1881 * September 10 – Ferdinand I of Bulgaria Tsar of Bulgaria (b. 1861 * September 11 – Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah founder and first Governor General of Pakistan (b. 1876 * September 12 – Rupert D'Oyly Carte English hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (b. 1876 * September 17 – Folke Bernadotte Swedish diplomat (assassinated) (b. 1895 * September 20 – Husain Salaahuddin Famous Mahl writer (b. 1881 * September 24 – Warren William American actor (b. 1894 * September 26 – Gregg Toland American cinematographer (b. 1904 * September 30 – Edith Roosevelt First Lady of the United States (b. 1861

October–December

* October 1 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada Prime Minister of Siam (b. 1884 * October 12 Susan Sutherland Isaacs British educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. 1885 * October 13 – Samuel S. Hinds American actor (b. 1875 * October 15 – Edythe Chapman American actress (b. 1863 * October 21 – Elissa Landi Italian actress (b. 1904 * October 24 – Franz Lehár Hungarian composer (b. 1870 * October 31 – Mary Nolan American actress (b. 1905 * November 9 – Edgar Kennedy American actor (b. 1890 * November 11 – Fred Niblo American film director (b. 1874 * November 28 – D.D. Sheehan Irish politician (b. 1873 * December 2 – Chano Pozo Cuban percussionist (b. 1915 * December 20 – C. Aubrey Smith British actor (b. 1863 * December 23 – Japanese war leaders (hanged): **Kenji Doihara spy (b. 1883 **Koki Hirota 32nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878 **Heitarō Kimura general (b. 1888 **Iwane Matsui general (b. 1878 **Akira Mutō general (b. 1892 **Seishirō Itagaki military officer (b. 1885 **Hideki Tojo general, 40th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1884 * December 31 – Malcolm Campbell English land and water racer (b. 1885

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics – Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett * Nobel Prize in Chemistry – Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – Paul Hermann Müller * Nobel Prize in Literature – T. S. Eliot * Nobel Peace Prize – not awarded

Notes

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